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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 74(2): 68-72, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744631

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Describe an animal model of dry induced by topical instillation of BAK and evaluate ocular surface biomarkers and histological findings. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used.Topical instillation of 0.2% BAK eyedrops twice a day during 7 days, in the right eye of each animal, while the other eye was taken as control. After 7 days treatment, we performed evaluation of tear film osmolarity, the red phenol thread and ocular surface staining with fluorescein and lissamine green. Afterwards, the animals were sacrificed for tissue extraction and histological evaluation under optical microscopy and H&E staining. Results: Compared with untreated controls, the BAK-group presented tear secretion significantly decreased, increased ocular surface staining by fluorescein and lissamine green and tear film hyperosmolarity (p <0,05). Histological evaluation revealed epithelial thinning and estromal oedema. Conclusions: A toxicity animal model of dry eye induced by topical instillation of benzalkonium chloride, which presents corneal and ocular surface alterations, decreased tear film volume and tear hyperosmolarity as seen in dry eye condition.


Objetivo: Descrever um modelo animal de olho seco induzido pela aplicação tópica de cloreto de benzalcônio (BAC) e avaliar marcadores de integridade da superfície ocular e os achados histológicos. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos wistar machos adultos. Foi realizada a administração tópica de colírio de BAC 0,2% no olho direito de cada animal duas vezes por dia, durante 7 dias, sendo o olho contralateral tido como controle. Após o tratamento foi realizada a avaliação da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal, o teste de fenol vermelho e a coloração com fluoresceína e lisamina verde. Os animais foram sacrificados e os tecidos extraídos para o estudo histológico da córnea, por microscopia óptica, corada com hematoxilina eosina (H&E). Resultados: Comparados com os controles não tratados o grupo BAC apresentou diminuição significativa na secreção lacrimal, defeitos na integridade epitelial da superfície ocular marcada por corantes vitais, fluoresceína e lisamina verde além do aumento da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal (p < 0,05). À avaliação histológica observou-se diminuição da espessura do epitélio e edema estromal induzidos pela aplicação de BAC. Conclusão: O modelo animal de olho seco por toxicidade induzido pela aplicação tópica de cloreto de benzalcônio apresentou alterações estruturais da córnea e da superfície ocular, diminuição do volume lacrimal e hiperosmolaridade da lágrima características dessa condição.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Benzalkonium Compounds/toxicity , Tears/metabolism , Models, Animal , Dry Eye Syndromes/chemically induced , Osmolar Concentration , Rats, Wistar
2.
Biomedica. 2007; 23 (July-December): 65-70
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-81964

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to investigate the long and short term topical effects of Benzalkonium chloride [BAC] on the corneal epithelium with low and high concentrations used in commercial ophthalmic preparations. Forty eight guinea pigs [ninety six eyes] of Dunkin Hartley strains were procured from NIH Islamabad, and randomly divided into four long term [A] and four short term treatment [B] groups. The analysis of the results showed significant decrease [p<0.05] in the thickness and number of epithelial cell layers. The incidence of epithelial desquamation, erosions, and ulceration was more in those experimental groups which received higher concentration of BAC more frequently than those receiving lower concentration and instilled less frequently. It is, therefore, suggested that a better and safe substitute for BAC or preservative free eye drops should be formulated to prevent the hazards of this toxic substance


Subject(s)
Animals , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/toxicity , Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects , Administration, Topical , Corneal Ulcer , Apoptosis , Necrosis , Awareness , Guinea Pigs
3.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2004 Nov; 42(11): 1107-11
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-56775

ABSTRACT

Four groups comprising 16 broiler birds each were given benzalkonium chloride (BC) at 100, 300, 500 and 700 ppm in drinking water for 40 days and one group of 16 birds (control) was kept on plain water. Clinical signs in higher dose groups were respiratory distress, drooling of saliva, difficulty in deglutition, inappetence, apathy, lethargy and loss of body weight. Better body weight gain was recorded in 100 ppm dose rate. At 300 ppm, no significant body weight variation was recorded, whereas, at 500 and 700 ppm dose rates, significantly poor body weight gain was recorded. Major pathological changes were seen in 500 and 700 ppm groups, which exhibited formation of yellow diphtheritic plaques in the buccal cavity, swollen and pale commissures of beak and shortening of tongue. Minute necrotic and ulcerative foci were seen in oesophagus and crop. Hyperplastic and hypertrophic alterations were seen in mucosa of the upper digestive tract. Crop of 300 ppm group revealed formation of well developed epithelial nest with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia at the margin of the lesion. Serum alanine transaminase, urea and uric acid in 500 and 700 ppm groups were elevated whereas no significant variations were observed in the 100 and 300 ppm groups. BC could enhance performance of broiler birds at 100 ppm dose rate. It should not be used beyond 300 ppm.


Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Benzalkonium Compounds/toxicity , Body Weight/drug effects , Chickens/growth & development , Poultry Diseases/chemically induced , Urea/blood , Uric Acid/blood , Weight Gain/drug effects
4.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 1988. 99 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001029

ABSTRACT

A inervação do coração é de fundamental importância para o ritmo, condução e repolarização cardíacos (JAMES 1967). Por este motivo, a aparente ausência de anormalidades estruturais cardíacas detectáveis em pacientes portadores de e ritmias ou com sindrome do QT alongado ou notadamente nos que têm morte súbita, serviu como estímulo para a investigação de nervos e gân glios cardíacos (JAMES e cols 1978 e 1979; JAMES 1980). Assim surgiu o conceito de cardioneuropatia, termo criado por JAMES, em 1979, para caracterizar toda cardiopatia associada è alterações histopatológicas significativas ou não, do sistema excito- condutor e da inervação intrinseca do coração. Tais alterações estão representadas por processo inflamatório, edema, todos os estágios de degeneração e fibrose dos componentes celulares nervosos (JAMES 1983) e, são também frequentemente vistas no coração de portadores de cardiopatia chagásica (ANDRADE E ANDRADE (1979). Em virtude deste fato, a cardiopatia chagásica foi reconhecida por JAMES (1983), como uma verdadeira cardioneuropatia e mais recentemente, rotulada por OLIVEIRA (1985) como um modelo natural humano de desnervação intrínseca parassimpática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Benzalkonium Compounds , Benzalkonium Compounds/chemistry , Benzalkonium Compounds/toxicity , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Chagas Disease/pathology , Chagas Disease/prevention & control
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